Option A is the correct answer.
The passage emphasizes that cartographers now should pay attention to the usability of maps due to the
evolving expectations of map readers. The key point is that technological developments have made users more
demanding, leading cartographers to focus on how efficient, effective, and appreciated their maps are.
Option B: While it is true that cartographers are focused on usability, the passage does not mention specific
experiments or evaluation methods.
Option C: This option suggests that maps are being used for a variety of reasons, which is not mentioned in the
passage. The focus of the passage is on the demanding nature of modern map readers and not on the reasons
for which maps are used.
Option D: While new technological developments are mentioned, the passage does not state that cartographers
are experimenting with these innovations in their maps.

Option A is the correct answer.
The passage mentions how bandicoots contribute to the ecosystem by digging, which traps moisture and aids
in seed germination. This activity helps restore the desert ecosystem damaged by cattle. Their role as
"ecosystem engineers" stems from these positive environmental impacts.
Option B: Although efforts to preserve the bandicoot species are ongoing, the passage does not link their new
nickname to these efforts. The name "ecosystem engineers" specifically reflects their environmental
contributions rather than conservation measures.
Option C: While the passage mentions a population increase due to rainfall, the new nickname is unrelated to
this growth. Instead, it is tied to their environmental engineering role.
Option D: This is a wrong interpretation because there is no mention in the passage of the bandicoots affecting
rainfall.

Option B is the correct answer.
The passage does not mention the bandicoots' use of camouflage as a survival technique. While their shelters
may be camouflaged (hidden), the bandicoots themselves are not described as using camouflage directly.
Option A: This is correct. The passage mentions their long, slender snouts and their digging behaviour, which
allows them to create shallow shelters in the desert.
Option C: This is correct. The nickname "zebra rat" comes from their appearance, and their slender snout and
backward-facing pouch for carrying joeys are described in the passage.
Option D: This is also correct. The passage mentions these features as characteristics of the western barred
bandicoot.

Option D is the correct answer.
The 'exclosures' are mentioned as fenced areas cleared of invasive rabbits and feral cats. The term "exclosures"
points to the intentional exclusion of these invasive species to create a safe environment for the bandicoots
and other native animals.
Option A: While the bandicoots help in restoring the cattle damaged landscape, the term 'exclosure' does not
relate to it.
Option B: The exclosures are cleared of feral cats, but the passage does not mention removing large bilbies,
which are actually part of the controlled environment. The exclosures themselves are specifically to protect the
bandicoots from cats and rabbits, not bilbies.
Option C: The exclosures are not about making an area entirely predator-free for all species. Instead, the

purpose is to create controlled environments where invasive species like rabbits and feral cats are removed.
Predators are still present in the Wild Training Zone, where bandicoots and other marsupials learn to coexist
and evade predators.

Option D is the correct answer.
Option D captures the main idea of the passage. It reflects the near-extinction of the western barred bandicoot
due to invasive species and highlights the conservation efforts using survivors from Shark Bay islands.
Option A: This is not entirely true. The western barred bandicoot did not go extinct; instead, it survived in small
numbers on two predator-free islands. This option incorrectly asserts total extinction and ignores the ongoing
efforts to revive the species.
Option B: This is a distortion. While the colonists' negligence and the nicknames they gave reflect their
disregard, the passage clearly attributes the near-extinction of bandicoots to ecological disruptions caused by
invasive species, not merely the colonists' attitudes.
Option C: This generalizes the issue and does not focus specifically on the western barred bandicoot, the
subject of the passage. Furthermore, it does not highlight the rescue efforts which are central to the passage.

We can observe that the only spot where the given sentence would fit is Blank 4. This sentence in question
emphasises the broader, global significance of Central Asia's role; it reflects the idea that understanding the Silk
Roads provides clarity on historical and global interconnectedness.
Since the given sentence shifts focus from describing the historical and cultural importance of the Silk Roads
to their global implications, which is broader than the current discussion, placing it in any of Blanks 1, 2, or 3
interrupts the flow between the statements outlining certain features linked to the Silk Roads. For example,
Blank 1 is a poor fit since the succeeding sentence mentions “These countries,” which refers to the “developing
countries” mentioned in the sentence preceding the blank. Similarly, “They” in the sentence after Blank 2 refers
to routes/Silk Roads described earlier. We can eliminate Blank 3 using a similar logic; the sentence after this
blank establishes the metaphor of the Silk Roads as a central nervous system, emphasizing their global
connectivity. The given sentence doesn’t align with the focus on the Silk Roads’ tangible impacts or the
metaphorical depiction of their connectivity; therefore, placing it in Blank 3 would shift the focus prematurely to
understanding their role globally.

The sentence would best fit in B) Option 3.
Option 3 is the most logical position because it continues the description of Renaissance music’s
characteristics, which was mentioned in the sentence before blank 3. The missing sentence fits perfectly here,
as it discusses how Renaissance music handles emotions in a balanced and moderate manner, aligning with
the flow and tone of the preceding sentences.
The sentences around Option 1 and Option 2 discuss the historical context of English madrigals and their
cultural significance, so adding the sentence there would disrupt the historical narrative.
Option 4 may appear plausible, but the sentence discussing the balanced and moderate nature of music after
asserting that extremes do not occur would be redundant. The given sentence should precede the one
addressing extremes to maintain logical flow.

The passage suggests that the idea of 'homo economicus' assumes that people have “preferences” that
determine their choices. Deciding whether to spend limited money on food or warmth illustrates this rational
decision-making based on individual preferences. This aligns with option C
Option A: The passage does not suggest that 'homo economicus' is not influenced by others’ preferences. It
only states that this model assumes people have their own preferences that determine their actions.

Option B: This is wrong as the passage states that economists like Gary Becker, associated with the homo
economicus model, did not borrow or collaborate with other disciplines.
Option D: The passage mentions applying economic reasoning to nonmarket domains but does not tie this
specifically to homo economicus.

Option A is the correct answer.
The tone of the phrase “almighty discipline” suggests mild sarcasm regarding economics' earlier dominance
and self-containment. The statement reflects a shift in economics from being insular and self-assured to being
more open to interdisciplinary borrowing. The author describes earlier economists, like Gary Becker, as
imperialistic and unwilling to incorporate ideas from other disciplines. In contrast, contemporary economists
like Thomas Piketty are portrayed as reaching out and collaborating.
Option B: The passage mentions that economists are now collaborating with other disciplines, but it does not
suggest this is due to their inability to predict market behaviour. The focus is on how the discipline has shifted
over time, not any predictive failures.
Option C: The author does not criticize economic tools for managing crises or say that economics as a
discipline has fallen. The passage highlights a transformation toward openness, not a downfall.
Option D: The author is not critical of economists collaborating with other disciplines. Instead, the passage
presents this shift as a positive change, contrasting it with the earlier insularity of the discipline.

Option C is the correct answer.
The author critiques Schiller for focusing on the direct relationship between emotions, perceptions, and
behaviour while excluding the mediating role of institutions such as political parties, media organizations, and
lobby groups. The passage states that these institutions historically played a vital role in framing perceptions
and legitimizing interests, which Schiller’s narrative leaves out.
Option A: The passage suggests that media and politics are key intermediaries in shaping perceptions and
behaviour and not a marginal role.
Option B: The passage does not suggest that Shiller actively denigrates or diminishes the role of institutions.
The issue is his omission of institutions, not his critique of their importance.
Option D: The passage mentions that storytelling is part of Schiller’s approach but does not critique him for
relying excessively on it. The critique is about the exclusion of institutions, not the use of storytelling.

Option C is the correct answer.
The first paragraph describes how Becker projected economics into non-market domains like crime and
domesticity, analyzing them with economic tools. It also states that he did not borrow ideas or perspectives
from fields such as anthropology or history. Option C aligns with this.
Option A: The passage mentions that Becker applied economic principles to non-market phenomena like crime
and domesticity, but it does not state or imply that he benefitted from this.
Option B: The passage explicitly contradicts this idea, stating: “At the same time, he did not let other ways of
thinking enter his own economic realm: for example, he did not borrow from anthropology or history.” Becker
did not borrow from other disciplines, so this option is incorrect.

Option D: The passage does not state that Becker actively guarded economics against outside influence.
Instead, it focuses on Becker’s one-sided application of economics to other areas, without accepting external
perspectives.

Option B is the correct answer.
The paragraph states that animals share many emotions with humans, such as joy, happiness, empathy, and
grief, because of shared brain structures, particularly in the limbic system, which is responsible for emotions in
both humans and animals. This is the key point that ties together animals' intelligence and emotional capacity,
as discussed in the passage.
Option A: The passage does not attribute emotions to sensory and motor abilities. The emphasis is on brain
structures, not sensory abilities.
Option C: While the passage states that animals share emotions with humans, this option fails to capture the
reason behind this, i.e. shared brain structures. It misses the point that makes the emotional similarity possible,
which is central to the passage's message.
Option D: The passage discusses animals' sensory abilities but does not suggest that their intelligence is
superior to humans'.

The passage mentions that medieval craft guilds were monopolies that resisted new entrants and required long
apprenticeship periods, which could stifle innovative spirit. Similarly, the ethos of mass production prioritizes
efficiency and consistency, which often comes at the expense of creativity. Therefore, Option A could be
inferred.
Option B: While it is true that medieval guilds restricted entry through strict rules, the passage does not suggest
that mass production involves such restrictions.
Option C: The passage does not discuss whether mass production or medieval guilds employed egalitarian
processes.
Option D: The passage does not mention that medieval guilds or mass production focused excessively on
product quality.

The passage mentions that medieval craft guilds were monopolistic and hierarchical, resisting new entrants
and imposing long apprenticeships, which could stifle innovation. It also warns that modern craft workers “can
thrive... only if they don’t get too organised,” supporting option B.
Option A: This is an extreme interpretation. The passage does not argue that supporting crafts is the only way
to retain the creativity intrinsic to their production.
Option C: The Arts and Crafts movement is described as a reaction against the “American system” and the rise
of mass production, not an inspiration drawn from it.
Option D: Agile movement is praised for prioritizing creativity and collaboration, whereas medieval craft guilds
are described as hierarchical and restrictive, which stifled innovation. These are contrasting ideas. Therefore,
agile movement cannot be a throwback to the tenets (principles) of medieval craft guilds)

The author says "In a world where products and services often have to pass through regulatory hoops, large
companies will usually have the advantage." From this, we can infer that the author doubts whether crafts can
create substantial employment opportunities because smaller craft businesses may struggle to compete with
larger companies due to regulatory barriers.
Option A: The passage does not focus on the low scale of crafts production as the primary obstacle. Instead,
the author emphasizes regulatory challenges and not the scale.
Option C: The passage does not argue that workers wouldn’t want to pursue crafts-related work, just that
retraining them for these roles might be difficult.
Option D: The passage mentions that craft guilds resisted new entrants, but it does not suggest that they are
unlikely to accept large number of trainees. The passage suggests that craft workers can thrive in the modern
era, but the challenge lies in how modern crafts are organized and their potential to scale up in a competitive
market.

Option A is the correct answer.
While the passage mentions the premium for high-quality crafted goods and the contrast between mass
production and craftsmanship, it does not mention that there is support for "individual creations" as opposed to
mass-produced goods. The focus is on quality and sustainability rather than explicitly advocating for
individuality in products.
Option B: This is mentioned. The passage talks about consumers wanting to reduce environmental impact by
supporting local workers or recycling goods, which reflects growing concerns over mass production.
Option C: This is mentioned. The passage describes a market of consumers who pay a premium for highquality, hand-crafted goods.
Option D: This is mentioned. The passage highlights a market where consumers buy from local workers to
support the community and reduce environmental impact.