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01.

The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question.

As software improves, the people using it become less likely to sharpen their own know-how. Applications that offer lots of prompts and tips are often to blame; simpler, less solicitous programs push people harder to think, act and learn.

Ten years ago, information scientists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands had a group of people carry out complicated analytical and planning tasks using either rudimentary software that provided no assistance or sophisticated software that offered a great deal of aid. The researchers found that the people using the simple software developed better strategies, made fewer mistakes and developed a deeper aptitude for the work. The people using the more advanced software, meanwhile, would often "aimlessly click around" when confronted with a tricky problem. The supposedly helpful software actually short-circuited their thinking and learning.

[According to] philosopher Hubert Dreyfus . . . . our skills get sharper only through practice, when we use them regularly to overcome different sorts of difficult challenges. The goal of modern software, by contrast, is to ease our way through such challenges. Arduous, painstaking work is exactly what programmers are most eager to automate-after all, that is where the immediate efficiency gains tend to lie. In other words, a fundamental tension ripples between the interests of the people doing the automation and the interests of the people doing the work.

Nevertheless, automation's scope continues to widen. With the rise of electronic health records, physicians increasingly rely on software templates to guide them through patient exams. The programs incorporate valuable checklists and alerts, but they also make medicine more routinized and formulaic-and distance doctors from their patients. . . . Harvard Medical School professor Beth Lown, in a 2012 journal article . . . warned that when doctors become "screen-driven," following a computer's prompts rather than "the patient's narrative thread," their thinking can become constricted. In the worst cases, they may miss important diagnostic signals. . . .

In a recent paper published in the journal Diagnosis, three medical researchers . . . examined the misdiagnosis of Thomas Eric Duncan, the first person to die of Ebola in the U.S., at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas. They argue that the digital templates used by the hospital's clinicians to record patient information probably helped to induce a kind of tunnel vision. "These highly constrained tools," the researchers write, "are optimized for data capture but at the expense of sacrificing their utility for appropriate triage and diagnosis, leading users to miss the forest for the trees." Medical software, they write, is no "replacement for basic history-taking, examination skills, and critical thinking." . . .

There is an alternative. In "human-centered automation," the talents of people take precedence. . . . In this model, software plays an essential but secondary role. It takes over routine functions that a human operator has already mastered, issues alerts when unexpected situations arise, provides fresh information that expands the operator's perspective and counters the biases that often distort human thinking. The technology becomes the expert's partner, not the expert's replacement.

01.

From the passage, we can infer that the author is apprehensive about the use of sophisticated automation for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that:

A.
it stops users from exercising their minds.
B.
it could mislead people.
C.
computers could replace humans.
D.

it stunts the development of its users.

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Nowhere in the passage does the author express the fear that computers could replace humans.
The author says that with the use of sophisticated automation, "the people using it become less likely to sharpen their own know-how”, "their thinking can become constricted" and that "in the worst cases, they may miss important diagnostic signals". So, all other options are inferred.

02.

In the Ebola misdiagnosis case, we can infer that doctors probably missed the forest for the trees because:

A.
they were led by the data processed by digital templates.
B.
the digital templates forced them to acquire tunnel vision.
C.
they used the wrong type of digital templates for the case.
D.

the data collected were not sufficient for appropriate triage.

Option is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

According to the passage, researchers in the Ebola misdiagnosis case believe that the digital templates used by the hospital's clinicians to record patient information “probably helped to induce a kind of tunnel vision". So, the doctors were led by the data processed by digital templates.
Note that option B is incorrect as it says the templates "forced" doctors to acquire tunnel vision. This is too extreme.

03.

In the context of the passage, all of the following can be considered examples of human-centered automation EXCEPT:

A.
software that offers interpretations when requested by the human operator.
B.
software that auto-completes text when the user writes an email.
C.
medical software that provides optional feedback on the doctor's analysis of the medical situation.
D.

a smart-home system that changes the temperature as instructed by the resident.

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

In the fourth paragraph, the passage warns that software prompts that guide patient exams can constrict doctors' thinking. Auto-completion of text is also prompt by software. This is the kind of automation the passage speaks out against.
In the last paragraph, the passage explains how human-centered automation works: "It takes over routine functions that a human operator has already mastered, issues alerts when unexpected situations arise, provides fresh information that expands the operator's perspective and counters the biases that often distort human thinking." Options A, C and D relate to such functions.

04.

It can be inferred that in the Utrecht University experiment, one group of people was "aimlessly clicking around" because

A.
they were hoping that the software would help carry out the tasks.
B.
they did not have the skill-set to address complicated tasks.
C.
the other group was carrying out the tasks more efficiently.
D.

they wanted to avoid making mistakes.

Option is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Easy question. According to the passage, the people using the more advanced software would often aimlessly click around when confronted with a tricky problem as "the supposedly helpful software actually short-circuited their thinking and learning". They were, in effect, hoping that the software would help carry out the tasks.

02.

The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question.

Interpretations of the Indian past . . . were inevitably influenced by colonial concerns and interests, and also by prevalent European ideas about history, civilization and the Orient. Orientalist scholars studied the languages and the texts with selected Indian scholars, but made little attempt to understand the world-view of those who were teaching them. The readings therefore are something of a disjuncture from the traditional ways of looking at the Indian past. . . .

Orientalism [which we can understand broadly as Western perceptions of the Orient] fuelled the fantasy and the freedom sought by European Romanticism, particularly in its opposition to the more disciplined Neo-Classicism. The cultures of Asia were seen as bringing a new Romantic paradigm. Another Renaissance was anticipated through an acquaintance with the Orient, and this, it was thought, would be different from the earlier Greek Renaissance. It was believed that this Oriental Renaissance would liberate European thought and literature from the increasing focus on discipline and rationality that had followed from the earlier Enlightenment. . . . [The Romantic English poets, Wordsworth and Coleridge,] were apprehensive of the changes introduced by industrialization and turned to nature and to fantasies of the Orient.

However, this enthusiasm gradually changed, to conform with the emphasis later in the nineteenth century on the innate superiority of European civilization. Oriental civilizations were now seen as having once been great but currently in decline. The various phases of Orientalism tended to mould European understanding of the Indian past into a particular pattern. . . . There was an attempt to formulate Indian culture as uniform, such formulations being derived from texts that were given priority. The so-called 'discovery' of India was largely through selected literature in Sanskrit. This interpretation tended to emphasize non-historical aspects of Indian culture, for example the idea of an unchanging continuity of society and religion over 3,000 years; and it was believed that the Indian pattern of life was so concerned with metaphysics and the subtleties of religious belief that little attention was given to the more tangible aspects.

German Romanticism endorsed this image of India, and it became the mystic land for many Europeans, where even the most ordinary actions were imbued with a complex symbolism. This was the genesis of the idea of the spiritual east, and also, incidentally, the refuge of European intellectuals seeking to distance themselves from the changing patterns of their own societies. A dichotomy in values was maintained, Indian values being described as 'spiritual' and European values as 'materialistic', with little attempt to juxtapose these values with the reality of Indian society. This theme has been even more firmly endorsed by a section of Indian opinion during the last hundred years.

It was a consolation to the Indian intelligentsia for its perceived inability to counter the technical superiority of the west, a superiority viewed as having enabled Europe to colonize Asia and other parts of the world. At the height of anti-colonial nationalism it acted as a salve for having been made a colony of Britain.

01.

It can be inferred from the passage that to gain a more accurate view of a nation's history and culture, scholars should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A.
develop an oppositional framework to grasp cultural differences.
B.
examine the complex reality of that nation's society.
C.
read widely in the country's literature.
D.

examine their own beliefs and biases.

Option is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The passage says that Orientalist scholars who studied Indian texts made "little attempt to understand the world-view of those who were teaching them". The author argues that the idea of the 'spiritual' East as opposed to the 'materialistic' West promoted by European intellectuals was at a disjuncture from traditional ways of looking at the Indian past. So, it can be inferred from the passage that to gain a more accurate view of a nation's history and culture, scholars should not attempt to develop an oppositional framework to grasp cultural differences.
In light of the passage, it can be inferred that scholars must try to read the country's literature widely, examine their own beliefs and biases and examine the complex reality of that nation's society in order to gain an accurate view of the country's history.

02.

It can be inferred from the passage that the author is not likely to support the view that:

A.
the Orientalist view of Asia fired the imagination of some Western poets.
B.
India's culture has evolved over the centuries.
C.
Indian culture acknowledges the material aspects of life.
D.

India became a colony although it matched the technical knowledge of the West.

Option D is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The author says that the dichotomy of values maintained by European intellectuals "was a consolation to the Indian intelligentsia for its perceived inability to counter the technical superiority of the west, a superiority viewed as having enabled Europe to colonize Asia and other parts of the world." The author is hence not likely to support the view that India became a colony although it matched the technical knowledge of the West.
According to the passage, "The Romantic English poets, Wordsworth and Coleridge, were apprehensive of the changes introduced by industrialization and turned to nature and to fantasies of the Orient." So, the author is likely to support the view that the Orientalist view of Asia fired the imagination of some Western poets.
The author argues that European intellectuals paid "little attention was given to the more tangible aspects" of the Indian pattern of life and tried to maintain a dichotomy in values with "little attempt to juxtapose these values with the reality of Indian society". So, the author is likely to support the view that Indian culture acknowledges the material aspects of life.
That Indian culture has evolved over the centuries is again a view that the author is likely to support.

03.

Which one of the following styles of research is most similar to the Orientalist scholars' method of understanding Indian history and culture?

A.
Reading about the life of early American settlers and later waves of migration to understand the evolution of American culture.
B.
Reading 18^th century accounts by travellers to India to see how they viewed Indian life and culture of the time.
C.
Studying artefacts excavated at a palace to understand the lifestyle of those who lived there.
D.

Analysing Hollywood action movies that depict violence and sex to understand contemporary America.

Option D is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

On the Orientalist scholars' method of understanding Indian history and culture, the author says that "The various phases of Orientalism tended to mould European understanding of the Indian past into a particular pattern. . . . There was an attempt to formulate Indian culture as uniform, such formulations being derived from texts that were given priority. The so-called 'discovery' of India was largely through selected literature in Sanskrit." In other words, there was an attempt to selectively analyze material that conformed to a specific view of India. Analysing Hollywood action movies that depict violence and sex to understand contemporary America is similar to this.

04.

In the context of the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

A.
Orientalist scholarship influenced Indians.
B.
Indian texts influenced Orientalist scholars.
C.
India's spiritualism served as a salve for European colonisers.
D.

Orientalists' understanding of Indian history was linked to colonial concerns.

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The last line of the passage implies that India's spiritualism served as a salve for anti-colonial nationalists. Option C is clearly incorrect.
That Oriental scholarship influenced Indians is implied from the first line of the paragraph. The passage says that Orientalist scholars tried to 'discover' India through 'selected literature' in Sanskrit. So, option B is also true. That Orientalists' understanding of Indian history was linked to colonial concerns can also be inferred from passage

03.

The passage below is accompanied by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question.

Sociologists working in the Chicago School tradition have focused on how rapid or dramatic social change causes increases in crime. Just as Durkheim, Marx, Toennies, and other European sociologists thought that the rapid changes produced by industrialization and urbanization produced crime and disorder, so too did the Chicago School theorists. The location of the University of Chicago provided an excellent opportunity for Park, Burgess, and McKenzie to study the social ecology of the city. Shaw and McKay found . . . that areas of the city characterized by high levels of social disorganization had higher rates of crime and delinquency.

In the 1920s and 1930s Chicago, like many American cities, experienced considerable immigration. Rapid population growth is a disorganizing influence, but growth resulting from in-migration of very different people is particularly disruptive. Chicago's in-migrants were both native-born whites and blacks from rural areas and small towns, and foreign immigrants. The heavy industry of cities like Chicago, Detroit, and Pittsburgh drew those seeking opportunities and new lives. Farmers and villagers from America's hinterland, like their European cousins of whom Durkheim wrote, moved in large numbers into cities. At the start of the twentieth century, Americans were predominately a rural population, but by the century's mid-point most lived in urban areas. The social lives of these migrants, as well as those already living in the cities they moved to, were disrupted by the differences between urban and rural life. According to social disorganization theory, until the social ecology of the ''new place'' can adapt, this rapid change is a criminogenic influence. But most rural migrants, and even many of the foreign immigrants to the city, looked like and eventually spoke the same language as the natives of the cities into which they moved. These similarities allowed for more rapid social integration for these migrants than was the case for African Americans and most foreign immigrants.

In these same decades America experienced what has been called ''the great migration'': the massive movement of African Americans out of the rural South and into northern (and some southern) cities. The scale of this migration is one of the most dramatic in human history. These migrants, unlike their white counterparts, were not integrated into the cities they now called home. In fact, most American cities at the end of the twentieth century were characterized by high levels of racial residential segregation . . . Failure to integrate these migrants, coupled with other forces of social disorganization such as crowding, poverty, and illness, caused crime rates to climb in the cities, particularly in the segregated wards and neighborhoods where the migrants were forced to live.

Foreign immigrants during this period did not look as dramatically different from the rest of the population as blacks did, but the migrants from eastern and southern Europe who came to American cities did not speak English, and were frequently Catholic, while the native born were mostly Protestant. The combination of rapid population growth with the diversity of those moving into the cities created what the Chicago School sociologists called social disorganization.

01.

A fundamental conclusion by the author is that:

A.
the best circumstances for crime to flourish are when there are severe racial disparities.
B.
to prevent crime, it is important to maintain social order through maintaining social segregation.
C.
according to European sociologists, crime in America is mainly in Chicago.
D.

rapid population growth and demographic diversity give rise to social disorganisation that can feed the growth of crime.

Option D is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Refer to the last line: "The combination of rapid population growth with the diversity of those moving into the cities created what the Chicago School sociologists called social disorganization". Rapid or dramatic social change, according to the passage, causes increases in crime. So, a fundamental conclusion by the author is that rapid population growth and demographic diversity give rise to social disorganisation that can feed the growth of crime.
Option A blames racial disparities for the flourishing of crime. This is incorrect. The passage only says that where there is massive migration of people of different races into cities without social integration, crime flourishes.
Option B is the opposite of what the passage says.
Option C is incorrect. The passage does not say that according to European sociologists, crime in America is mainly in Chicago.

02.

The author notes that, "At the start of the twentieth century, Americans were predominately a rural population, but by the century's mid-point most lived in urban areas." Which one of the following statements, if true, does not contradict this statement?

A.
Demographic transition in America in the twentieth century is strongly marked by an out-migration from rural areas.
B.
A population census conducted in 1952 showed that more Americans lived in rural areas than in urban ones.
C.
The estimation of per capita income in America in the mid-twentieth century primarily required data from rural areas.
D.

Economists have found that throughout the twentieth century, the size of the labour force in America has always been largest in rural areas.

Option is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The question can be rephrased as "Which statement, if true, is in line with the given statement?"
Option A states that demographic transition in America in the twentieth century is strongly marked by an out-migration from rural areas. If true, this is in line with the statement that Americans were predominantly rural at the start of the 20th century, but most lived in urban areas by the 1950s.
Option B states that a population census conducted in 1952 showed that more Americans lived in rural areas than in urban ones. If true this contradicts the given statement.
If the estimation of per capita income in America in the mid-twentieth century primarily required data from rural areas, then most of the population should have been living in rural areas. Option C contradicts the given statement.
If economists have found that throughout the twentieth century, the size of the labour force in America has always been largest in rural areas, then that contradicts the given statement too.

03.

Which one of the following is not a valid inference from the passage?

A.
The failure to integrate in-migrants, along with social problems like poverty, was a significant reason for the rise in crime in American cities.
B.
According to social disorganisation theory, fast-paced social change provides fertile ground for the rapid growth of crime.
C.
The differences between urban and rural lifestyles were crucial factors in the disruption experienced by migrants to American cities.
D.

According to social disorganisation theory, the social integration of African American migrants into Chicago was slower because they were less organised.

Option D is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Option D is not a valid inference from the passage. The passage does not say that African American migrants into Chicago were 'less organised' and hence unable to integrate into society.
All other statements given are based on key ideas in the passage and can be easily inferred.

04.

Which one of the following sets of words/phrases best encapsulates the issues discussed in the passage?

A.
Durkheim; Marx; Toennies; Shaw
B.
Chicago School; Native-born Whites; European immigrants; Poverty
C.
Chicago School; Social organisation; Migration; Crime
D.

Rapid population growth; Heavy industry; Segregation; Crime

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Chicago School, social organisation,migration and crime are key ideas in the passage.
Option A names some sociologists mentioned in the passage. This can be easily ruled out. Option B does not mention 'crime' which is a key idea. Option D includes 'heavy industry' which is not a key idea.

04.

The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:

1.Various industrial sectors including retail, transit systems, enterprises, educational institutions, event organizing, finance, travel etc. have now started leveraging these beacons solutions to track and communicate with their customers.
2.A beacon fixed on to a shop wall enables the retailer to assess the proximity of the customer, and come up with a much targeted or personalized communication like offers, discounts and combos on products in each shelf.
3.Smart phones or other mobile devices can capture the beacon signals, and distance can be estimated by measuring received signal strength.
4.Beacons are tiny and inexpensive, micro-location-based technology devices that can send radio frequency signals and notify nearby Bluetooth devices of their presence and transmit information.

Answer : 4312

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

4 introduces beacons and is the best starting sentence. 43 is a link: 4 states that beacons send radio frequency signals; 3 explains that smart phones and other mobile devices capture these signals. 12 is also a link: 1 says that several industrial sectors have begun to use beacons to track and communicate with their customers; 2 explains how these beacons are actually put to use to track this information. 4312 is hence the correct order.

05.

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.

"It does seem to me that the job of comedy is to offend, or have the potential to offend, and it cannot be drained of that potential," Rowan Atkinson said of cancel culture. "Every joke has a victim. That's the definition of a joke. Someone or something or an idea is made to look ridiculous." The Netflix star continued, "I think you've got to be very, very careful about saying what you're allowed to make jokes about. You've always got to kick up? Really?" He added, "There are lots of extremely smug and self-satisfied people in what would be deemed lower down in society, who also deserve to be pulled up. In a proper free society, you should be allowed to make jokes about absolutely anything."

A.

Cancel culture does not understand the role and duty of comedians, which is to deride and mock everyone.
B.
All jokes target someone and one should be able to joke about anyone in the society, which is inconsistent with cancel culture.
C.
Victims of jokes must not only be politicians and royalty, but also arrogant people from lower classes should be mentioned by comedians.
D.
1. Every joke needs a victim and one needs to include people from lower down the society and not just the upper class.

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Speaking of cancel culture, Rowan Atkinson says that every joke offends someone or something and so, in a proper free society, jokes about absolutely anything should be allowed. Option A summarizes the paragraph well.
Option B misses the main idea and also speaks of 'politicians' and 'royalty' which are not part of the given quote.
Option C, while true, does not mention 'cancel culture' which is a key idea.
The given quote does not talk of the 'role and duty' of comedians. Option D is not a good summary.

06.

The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:

1. The more we are able to accept that our achievements are largely out of our control, the easier it becomes to understand that our failures, and those of others, are too.
2. But the raft of recent books about the limits of merit is an important correction to the arrogance of contemporary entitlement and an opportunity to reassert the importance of luck, or grace, in our thinking.
3. Meritocracy as an organising principle is an inevitable function of a free society, as we are designed to see our achievements as worthy of reward.
4. And that in turn should increase our humility and the respect with which we treat our fellow citizens, helping ultimately to build a more compassionate society.

Answer : 3214

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

3 is the most general statement and hence the best one to start the paragraph. 32 is a link: 3 states that we are designed to see our achievements as worthy of reward; 2 talks about a raft of recent books that throw light on the limits of this kind of thinking. 21 is a link, with 1 adding to the point made in 2 about the limits of merit and how understanding this can help us become more accepting. 4 follows 1 and concludes the paragraph with how this, in turn, will help build a more compassionate society. 3214 is the correct order.

07.

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.

Tamsin Blanchard, curator of Fashion Open Studio, an initiative by a campaign group showcasing the work of ethical designers says, "We're all drawn to an exquisite piece of embroidery, a colourful textile or even a style of dressing that might have originated from another heritage. [But] this magpie mentality, where all of culture and history is up for grabs as 'inspiration', has accelerated since the proliferation of social media... Where once a fashion student might research the history and traditions of a particular item of clothing with care and respect, we now have a world where images are lifted from image libraries without a care for their cultural significance. It's easier than ever to steal a motif or a craft technique and transfer it on to a piece of clothing that is either mass produced or appears on a runway without credit or compensation to their original communities."

A.
Media has encouraged mass production; images are copied effortlessly without care or concern for the interests of ethnic communities.
B.
Cultural collaboration is the need of the hour. Beautiful design ideas of indigenous people need to be showcased and shared worldwide.
C.
Taking fashion ideas from any cultural group without their consent is a form of appropriation without giving due credit, compensation, and respect.
D.

Copying an embroidery design or pattern of textile from native communities who own them is tantamount to stealing and they need to be compensated.

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The main idea expressed here is that the proliferation of social media has led to easy access to fashion ideas from different cultures and it is now easier than ever to unethically use these ideas or techniques without giving credit or compensation to the original communities. Option C captures the essence of the paragraph.
Option A says that the media has 'encouraged mass production'. This is incorrect.
Option B talks of 'cultural collaboration', which is not what the given paragraph is about.
Option D is not worded well. It talks about copying an embroidery design or pattern of textile from native communities who ‘own' them. The ideas belong to a community, they are not ‘owned’ by them. Also, this option does not touch upon credit or respect that is owed to these communities.

08.

There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.

Sentence: This has meant a lot of uncertainty around what a wide-scale return to office might look like in practice.

Paragraph: Bringing workers back to their desks has been a rocky road for employers and employees alike. The evolution of the pandemic has meant that best laid plans have often not materialised. ___(1)___ The flow of workers back into offices has been more of a trickle than a steady stream. ___(2)___ Yet while plenty of companies are still working through their new policies, some employees across the globe are now back at their desks, whether on a full-time or hybrid basis. ___(3)___ That means we're beginning to get some clarity on what return-to-office means - what's working, as well as what has yet to be settled. ___(4)___

A.
Option 1
B.
Option 2
C.
Option 3
D.
Option 4

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Slightly tricky question. We can rule out option 4 as the sentence before says clarity is emerging, so the missing sentence, which is about uncertainty prevailing cannot be put in here. Option 3 can also be ruled out as the line before says some employees are now returning to their desks. The given sentence does not make sense here.

Both option 1 and 2 look like possibilities as 'this has meant a lot of uncertainty' can apply equally well to the sentence before each of these options. But looking at the sentence that follows and the flow of ideas, the given sentence makes better sense in option 2. Workers are returning in a trickle, rather than a steady stream--there is hence uncertainty about what a wide scale return to office might look like--yet, even as companies are still working on their new policies, employees are getting back at their desks on a full-time or hybrid basis.

09.

There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.

Sentence: When people socially learn from each other, they often learn without understanding why what they're copying-the beliefs and behaviours and technologies and know-how-works.

Paragraph: ___(1)___. The dual-inheritance theory ....says....that inheritance is itself an evolutionary system. It has variation. What makes us a new kind of animal, and so different and successful as a species, is we rely heavily on social learning, to the point where socially acquired information is effectively a second line of inheritance, the first being our genes.... ___(2)___. People tend to home in on who seems to be the smartest or most successful person around, as well as what everybody seems to be doing-the majority of people have something worth learning. ___(3)___. When you repeat this process over time, you can get, around the world, cultural packages-beliefs or behaviours or technology or other solutions-that are adapted to the local conditions. People have different psychologies, effectively. ___(4)___.

A.
Option 1
B.
Option 2
C.
Option 3
D.
Option 4

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Reading the given paragraph, we can see that the missing sentence does not make a good starting sentence or conclusion to the paragraph. So, we can easily rule out options 1 and 4.
The flow of ideas in case of option 3 is already smooth. The majority of people have something worth learning from the people around them and when this learning process is repeated over time, you can get cultural packages adapted to local conditions.

The best place to fit the given sentence is option 2. The previous sentence talks about 'socially acquired information'. The given sentence explains how people socially learn from each other. The next sentence adds to this idea of learning from people around. So, option 2 is the correct choice.

10.

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.

To defend the sequence of alphabetisation may seem bizarre, so obvious is its application that it is hard to imagine a reference, catalogue or listing without it. But alphabetical order was not an immediate consequence of the alphabet itself. In the Middle Ages, deference for ecclesiastical tradition left scholars reluctant to categorise things according to the alphabet - to do so would be a rejection of the divine order. The rediscovery of the ancient Greek and Roman classics necessitated more efficient ways of ordering, searching and referencing texts. Government bureaucracy in the 16th and 17th centuries quickened the advance of alphabetical order, bringing with it pigeonholes, notebooks and card indexes.

A.
While adoption of the written alphabet was easily accomplished, it took scholars several centuries to accept the alphabetic sequence as a useful tool in their work.
B.
The alphabetic order took several centuries to gain common currency because of religious beliefs and a lack of appreciation of its efficacy in the ordering of things.
C.
The ban on the use by scholars of any form of categorisation - but the divinely ordained one - delayed the adoption of the alphabetic sequence by several centuries.
D.

Unlike the alphabet, once the efficacy of the alphabetic sequence became apparent to scholars and administrators, its use became widespread.

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

According to the given paragraph, alphabetical order was not an immediate consequence of the alphabet itself. Religious beliefs led to the rejection of alphabetical order in the Middle Ages and it was only with the need for more efficient ways of ordering and referencing texts as well as the need to deal with government bureaucracy in the 16th and 17th centuries that alphabetical order became popular. Option B captures all key ideas and summarizes the paragraph well.

Option A says that the adoption of the written alphabet was easily accomplished. This is something the paragraph given does not touch upon.
Option C is incorrect as it says there was a 'ban' on the use of any form of categorisation but a divinely ordained one. This is not what the paragraph given says. Further, religious beliefs hindering the widespread adoption of alphabetical order is just one idea in the given paragraph.
Option D states that 'unlike the alphabet', the use of the alphabetic sequence became widespread once its efficacy became known. This is not what the paragraph given says.

11.

The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:

1. If I wanted to sit indoors and read, or play Sonic the Hedgehog on a red-hot Sega Mega Drive, I would often be made to feel guilty about not going outside to "enjoy it while it lasts".
2. My mum, quite reasonably, wanted me and my sister out of the house, in the sun.
3. Tales of my mum's idyllic-sounding childhood in the Sussex countryside, where trees were climbed by 8 am and streams navigated by lunchtime, were passed down to us like folklore.
4. To an introverted kid, that felt like a threat - and the feeling has stayed with me.

Answer : 2314

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

23 is a link: The pronoun 'us' in 3 refers to 'me and my sister' in 2. 14 is also a link: 'that felt like a threat' in 4 refers to 'enjoy it while it lasts' in 1. So, 2314 is the correct order.

12.

A.
7
B.
8
C.
9
D.
13

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

13.

A.
B.
C.
2
D.
-2

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

14.

Bob can finish a job in 40 days, if he works alone. Alex is twice as fast as Bob and thrice as fast as Cole in the same job. Suppose Alex and Bob work together on the first day, Bob and Cole work together on the second day, Cole and Alex work together on the third day, and then, they continue the work by repeating this three-day roster, with Alex and Bob working together on the fourth day, and so on. Then, the total number of days Alex would have worked when the job gets finished, is

Answer : The answer is '11'

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Since Alex is twice as fast as Bob and thrice as fast as Cole, let us assume that the work done by Alex in a day as 6x.
This means that the work done by Bob and Cole in a day is 3x and 2x respectively.

Alex	Bob	Cole
6x	3x	2x

Since Bob can finish the job in 40 days working alone, the quantum of work to finish the job = 40 $\times$ 3x = 120x
The work done on the first day, the second day, and the third day is as follows.

Day 1 (Alex & Bob)	Day 2 (Bob & Cole)	Day 3 (Cole & Alex)
9x	5x	8x

The total work done in one cycle of 3 days = 9x + 5x + 8x = 22x
120x = 22x(5) + 9x + 1x
This means, it takes 5 complete cycles of 3 days, a full Day 1 and Day 2 to finish the job.
In one cycle Alex works twice, on Day 1 and Day 3.
So the total number of days that Alex works = 2(5) = 1 = 11 days

15.

A glass contains 500 cc of milk and a cup contains 500 cc of water. From the glass, 150 cc of milk is transferred to the cup and mixed thoroughly. Next, 150 cc of this mixture is transferred from the cup to the glass. Now, the amount of water in the glass and the amount of milk in the cup are in the ratio

A.
3 : 10
B.
10 : 3
C.
1 : 1
D.
10 : 13

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Imagine 2 beakers of milk and water each of volume 500 cc

After the transfer of liquids from one beaker to another, both the beakers end up having the same volume of 500 cc again.

If there is x cc of Milk in the first beaker, there will be 500 - x cc of water in the second beaker, the remaining x cc of water should be in the second beaker!
Therefore, the amount of water in the glass and the amount of milk in the cup are equal and hence in the ratio 1 : 1.
It does not matter how many times the liquids are transferred, if the final volumes are 500 cc, then, the amount of water in the glass and the amount of milk in the cup will be in the ratio 1 : 1.

16.

In an examination, the average marks of students in sections A and B are 32 and 60, respectively. The number of students in section A is 10 less than that in section B. If the average marks of all the students across both the sections combined is an integer, then the difference between the maximum and minimum possible number of students in section A is

Answer : The answer is '63'

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

17.

A.
B.
C.
D.

Option A is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

18.

Suppose the medians BD and CE of a triangle ABC intersect at a point O. If area of triangle ABC is 108 sq. cm., then, the area of the triangle EOD, in sq. cm., is

Answer : The answer is '9'

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

O is the centroid of the triangle ABC,that means,
BO : OD = 2 : 1
CO : OE = 2 : 1
Ar(BOC) : Ar(ODC) = 2 : 1
Ar(COB) : Ar(OEB) = 2 : 1

Since BD is the median, Ar(BDA) = Ar(BDC)
This means Ar(AEOD) = 2x
2x + x + x + 2x = 108
6x = 108
Ar(AEOD) = 2x = 36

Since ED is the line joining the midpoints of AB and AC, Ar(AED) = ¼ Ar(ABC)
Ar(AED) = ¼ Ar(108) = 27
Ar(EOD) = Ar(AEOD) - Ar(AED) = 36 - 27 = 9 sq cm

19.

The arithmetic mean of all the distinct numbers that can be obtained by rearranging the digits in 1421, including itself, is

A.
2442
B.
2222
C.
3333
D.
2592

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

20.

Nitu has an initial capital of ₹20,000. Out of this, she invests ₹8,000 at 5.5% in bank A, ₹5,000 at 5.6% in bank B and the remaining amount at x% in bank C, each rate being simple interest per annum. Her combined annual interest income from these investments is equal to 5% of the initial capital. If she had invested her entire initial capital in bank C alone, then her annual interest income, in rupees, would have been

A.
900
B.
700
C.
1000
D.
800

Option D is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

If Neetu intended to get a 5% annual interest, ideally all the banks should have maintained a 5% interest rate.
But Bank A returns 0.5% extra interest on 8000 rupees, which is 40 rupees.
But Bank B returns 0.6% extra interest on 5000 rupees, which is 30 rupees.
A & B combines are paying 70 rupees extra than 5%.
So Bank C should maintain such an interest rate that, the interest generated on the remaining 7000 rupees is 70 less than 5% interest.
Since 70 is 1% of 7000. The interest rate at Bank C should be 5% - 1% = 4%
If all the 20,000 rupees were invested in Bank C, the interest generated is 4% of 20,000 = 800 rupees.

21.

Two cars travel from different locations at constant speeds. To meet each other after starting at the same time, they take 1.5 hours if they travel towards each other, but 10.5 hours if they travel in the same direction. If the speed of the slower car is 60 km/hr, then the distance traveled, in km, by the slower car when it meets the other car while traveling towards each other, is

A.
150
B.
100
C.
90
D.
120

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Let the distance between the 2 cars be D km.
Let the speeds of the two cars be ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively and a > b.
Case I)
Cars are moving in the opposite direction (towards each other)
Relative speed = a + b
Time taken = 1.5 hrs
Case II)
Cars are moving in the same direction (Car A chasing Car B)
Relative speed = a - b
Time taken = 10.5 hrs
In both the cases the distance between the cars is the same, ‘D’.
But the time taken is in the ratio 1.5 : 10.5 or 1 : 7
Therefore, the speeds will be in the ratio 7 : 1
a + b = 7(a - b)
8b = 6a
3a = 4b
Substituting b = 60 kmph,
We get, a = 80 kmph.
D = (a + b) * 1.5 = 210km
When they move towards each other the distance covered by them is in the ratio 4 : 3 and the total distance covered by them together is 210 km.
The slower car, B, covers 3/7 th of this 210 km which is 90 km.

22.

Answer : The answer is '14'

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

23.

Moody takes 30 seconds to finish riding an escalator if he walks on it at his normal speed in the same direction. He takes 20 seconds to finish riding the escalator if he walks at twice his normal speed in the same direction. If Moody decides to stand still on the escalator, then the time, in seconds, needed to finish riding the escalator is

Answer : The answer is '60'

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

24.

Consider six distinct natural numbers such that the average of the two smallest numbers is 14, and the average of the two largest numbers is 28. Then, the maximum possible value of the average of these six numbers is

A.
22.5
B.
23.5
C.
24
D.
23

Option A is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

We know the sum of the first pair of numbers is 14 * 2 = 28
Sum of the last pair of numbers is 28 * 2 = 56
To maximize the average of all the 6 numbers, we must try to maximize the two numbers in between. This is possible when the last pair of numbers are 27 and 29.
The maximum average case is
a, b, 25, 26, 27, 29
Where a + b = 28
The average of these 6 numbers is 22.5

25.

A.
3
B.
1
C.
4
D.
0

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

26.

A.
-70
B.
60
C.
-50
D.
-60

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

27.

A group of N people worked on a project. They finished 35% of the project by working 7 hours a day for 10 days. Thereafter, 10 people left the group and the remaining people finished the rest of the project in 14 days by working 10 hours a day. Then the value of N is

A.
23
B.
140
C.
36
D.
150

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

N people finish 35% of the project by working 7 hours a day for 10 days.
N people finish 35% of the project by working 70 hours.
N people finish 5% of the project by working 10 hours.
N people finish 65% of the project by working 130 hours.
65% of the project is done in N * 130 man hours.
The remaining 65% was actually done by (N-10) people in 14 days by working 10 hours a day.
(N-10) people finish 65% of the project by working 140 hours.
65% of the project is done in (N - 10) * 140 man hours.
N * 130 = (N - 10) * 140
13N = 14N - 140
N = 140

28.

The average of all 3-digit terms in the arithmetic progression 38, 55, 72, ., is

Answer : The answer is '548'

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

29.

In a triangle ABC, AB = AC = 8cm. A circle drawn with BC as diameter passes through A. Another circle drawn with center at A passes through B and C. Then the area, in sq. cm, of the overlapping region between the two circles is

A.
16(π−1)
B.
32(π−1)
C.
32π
D.
16π

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

30.

A school has less than 5000 students and if the students are divided equally into teams of either 9 or 10 or 12 or 25 each, exactly 4 are always left out. However, if they are divided into teams of 11 each, no one is left out. The maximum number of teams of 12 each that can be formed out of the students in the school is

Answer : The answer is '150'

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Let the number of students in the school be N.
N < 5000
N leaves a remainder of 4 when divided by 9, 10, 12, or 25.
Since 4 is less than 9, 10, 12 and 25
N leaves a remainder of 4 when divided by LCM(9, 10, 12, 25).
N leaves a remainder of 4 when divided by 900.
N = 900(x) + 4
Since N < 5000
x can range from 0 to 5
But 900(x) + 4 is a multiple of 11 only when x = 2
N = 900(2) + 4 = 1804
When we divide these 1804 students into groups of 12, we get, 150 groups.
Because, 1804 = 12(150) + 4

31.

A donation box can receive only cheques of ₹100, ₹250, and ₹500. On one good day, the donation box was found to contain exactly 100 cheques amounting to a total sum of ₹15250. Then, the maximum possible number of cheques of ₹500 that the donation box may have contained, is

Answer : The answer is '12'

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

Since the total donation amount is 15,250 rupees, there should be at least one 250 rupee note. The remaining 15000 can exist as thirty 500 rupee notes.

Rs. 250	Rs. 500	Rs. 100	Number of notes
1	30	0	31

But the total number of notes will only be 31. We have 100 notes. So to keep the number of 500 notes as high as possible let’s convert the 500 rupee notes to 100 rupee notes. Every time we do this conversion we add 4 new notes.

Rs. 250	Rs. 500	Rs. 100	Number of notes
1	30	0	31
1	29	5	35
We add 4 new notes in each conversion, Our target is to reach 100 notes from 35 notes, the closest we can got to 100 by adding only 4’s to 35 is 99 99 = 35 + 4 (16) So this happens after 16 steps
1	13	85	99

From here, we can convert one 500 rupee note to two 250 rupee notes.

3

12

85

100

So, the maximum number of 500 rupee notes is 12

32.

Two ships are approaching a port along straight routes at constant speeds. Initially, the two ships and the port formed an equilateral triangle with sides of length 24 km. When the slower ship travelled 8 km, the triangle formed by the new positions of the two ships and the port became right-angled. When the faster ship reaches the port, the distance, in km, between the other ship and the port will be

A.
8
B.
12
C.
6
D.
4

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

33.

The lengths of all four sides of a quadrilateral are integer valued. If three of its sides are of length 1 cm, 2 cm and 4 cm, then the total number of possible lengths of the fourth side is

A.
6
B.
4
C.
5
D.
3

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

In any polygon, the largest side length should be less than the sum of the lengths of the other sides.
Let the fourth side be ‘x’.
Case i) x is the largest side.
x < 1 + 2 + 6
x < 7
x can take the following values, 4, 5, 6
Case ii)
4 is the largest side and x is less than 4.
4 < x + 1 +2
x > 1
x can take the values 2 or 3
So, x can take the values 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
x can take 5 values.

34.

Read the following information carefully, analyze it, and answer the question based on it.

All the first-year students in the computer science (CS) department in a university take both the courses (i) AI and (ii) ML. Students from other departments (non-CS students) can also take one of these two courses, but not both. Students who fail in a course get an F grade; others pass and are awarded A or B or C grades depending on their performance. The following are some additional facts about the number of students who took these two courses this year and the grades they obtained.

1. The numbers of non-CS students who took AI and ML were in the ratio 2 : 5.
2. The number of non-CS students who took either AI or ML was equal to the number of CS students.
3. The numbers of non-CS students who failed in the two courses were the same and their total is equal to the number of CS students who got a C grade in ML.
4. In both the courses, 50% of the students who passed got a B grade. But, while the numbers of students who got A and C grades were the same for AI, they were in the ratio 3 : 2 for ML.
5. No CS student failed in AI, while no non-CS student got an A grade in AI.
6. The numbers of CS students who got A, B and C grades respectively in AI were in the ratio 3 : 5 : 2, while in ML the ratio was 4 : 5 : 2.
7. The ratio of the total number of non-CS students failing in one of the two courses to the number of CS students failing in one of the two courses was 3 : 1.
8. 30 students failed in ML.

01.

How many students took AI?

A.
60
B.
270
C.
90
D.
210

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The numbers of CS students who got A, B and C grades respectively in AI were in t
he ratio 3a, 5a and 2a, while in ML the ratio was 4b, 5b and 2b.

From statement 3 we can say that the number of non- CS students who failed in AI and ML are b i
n each category. Now from statement 8, we can say that number of CS students who failed in MI i
s equal to 30-b.

2 b 3

From statement 7, we can say that, 30− b = 1

or, 2b = 90-3b or, b= 18

CS students take both the AI and ML courses, therefore 10a= 10b +30 or, a= b+3 = 21

From statement 2, we can say that 10a = 7x or, x = 30

Substituting the values of a, b and x in the above table.

A total of 270 students took AI out of which 252 students passed and a total of 360 students took
ML out of which 330 students passed.

From statement 4, we can say that out of the 252 students who passed in AI, 126 of them got Gra
de B and 63 got Grade A and 63 got Grade C.

Similarly, We can say that out of the 330 students who passed in ML, 165 of them got Grade C and
99 got Grade A and 66 got Grade C. Therefore, the final table which we get is

02.

How many CS students failed in ML?

Answer : 12

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The numbers of CS students who got A, B and C grades respectively in AI were in t
he ratio 3a, 5a and 2a, while in ML the ratio was 4b, 5b and 2b.

From statement 3 we can say that the number of non- CS students who failed in AI and ML are b i
n each category. Now from statement 8, we can say that number of CS students who failed in MI i
s equal to 30-b.

2 b 3

From statement 7, we can say that, 30− b = 1

or, 2b = 90-3b or, b= 18

CS students take both the AI and ML courses, therefore 10a= 10b +30 or, a= b+3 = 21

From statement 2, we can say that 10a = 7x or, x = 30

Substituting the values of a, b and x in the above table.

A total of 270 students took AI out of which 252 students passed and a total of 360 students took
ML out of which 330 students passed.

From statement 4, we can say that out of the 252 students who passed in AI, 126 of them got Gra
de B and 63 got Grade A and 63 got Grade C.

Similarly, We can say that out of the 330 students who passed in ML, 165 of them got Grade C and
99 got Grade A and 66 got Grade C. Therefore, the final table which we get is

03.

How many non-CS students got A grade in ML?

Answer : 27

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The numbers of CS students who got A, B and C grades respectively in AI were in t
he ratio 3a, 5a and 2a, while in ML the ratio was 4b, 5b and 2b.

From statement 3 we can say that the number of non- CS students who failed in AI and ML are b i
n each category. Now from statement 8, we can say that number of CS students who failed in MI i
s equal to 30-b.

2 b 3

From statement 7, we can say that, 30− b = 1

or, 2b = 90-3b or, b= 18

CS students take both the AI and ML courses, therefore 10a= 10b +30 or, a= b+3 = 21

From statement 2, we can say that 10a = 7x or, x = 30

Substituting the values of a, b and x in the above table.

A total of 270 students took AI out of which 252 students passed and a total of 360 students took
ML out of which 330 students passed.

From statement 4, we can say that out of the 252 students who passed in AI, 126 of them got Gra
de B and 63 got Grade A and 63 got Grade C.

Similarly, We can say that out of the 330 students who passed in ML, 165 of them got Grade C and
99 got Grade A and 66 got Grade C. Therefore, the final table which we get is

04.

How many students got A grade in AI?

A.
42
B.
99
C.
84
D.
63

Option D is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The numbers of CS students who got A, B and C grades respectively in AI were in t
he ratio 3a, 5a and 2a, while in ML the ratio was 4b, 5b and 2b.

From statement 3 we can say that the number of non- CS students who failed in AI and ML are b i
n each category. Now from statement 8, we can say that number of CS students who failed in MI i
s equal to 30-b.

2 b 3

From statement 7, we can say that, 30− b = 1

or, 2b = 90-3b or, b= 18

CS students take both the AI and ML courses, therefore 10a= 10b +30 or, a= b+3 = 21

From statement 2, we can say that 10a = 7x or, x = 30

Substituting the values of a, b and x in the above table.

A total of 270 students took AI out of which 252 students passed and a total of 360 students took
ML out of which 330 students passed.

From statement 4, we can say that out of the 252 students who passed in AI, 126 of them got Gra
de B and 63 got Grade A and 63 got Grade C.

Similarly, We can say that out of the 330 students who passed in ML, 165 of them got Grade C and
99 got Grade A and 66 got Grade C. Therefore, the final table which we get is

05.

How many non-CS students got B grade in ML?

A.
165
B.
90
C.
25
D.
75

Option D is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The numbers of CS students who got A, B and C grades respectively in AI were in t
he ratio 3a, 5a and 2a, while in ML the ratio was 4b, 5b and 2b.

From statement 3 we can say that the number of non- CS students who failed in AI and ML are b i
n each category. Now from statement 8, we can say that number of CS students who failed in MI i
s equal to 30-b.

2 b 3

From statement 7, we can say that, 30− b = 1

or, 2b = 90-3b or, b= 18

CS students take both the AI and ML courses, therefore 10a= 10b +30 or, a= b+3 = 21

From statement 2, we can say that 10a = 7x or, x = 30

Substituting the values of a, b and x in the above table.

A total of 270 students took AI out of which 252 students passed and a total of 360 students took
ML out of which 330 students passed.

From statement 4, we can say that out of the 252 students who passed in AI, 126 of them got Gra
de B and 63 got Grade A and 63 got Grade C.

Similarly, We can say that out of the 330 students who passed in ML, 165 of them got Grade C and
99 got Grade A and 66 got Grade C. Therefore, the final table which we get is

35.

Read the following information carefully, analyze it, and answer the question based on it.

Pulak, Qasim, Ritesh, and Suresh participated in a tournament comprising of eight rounds. In each round, they formed two pairs, with each of them being in exactly one pair. The only restriction in the pairing was that the pairs would change in successive rounds. For example, if Pulak formed a pair with Qasim in the first round, then he would have to form a pair with Ritesh or Suresh in the second round. He would be free to pair with Qasim again in the third round. In each round, each pair decided whether to play the game in that round or not. If they decided not to play, then no money was exchanged between them. If they decided to play, they had to bet either ₹1 or ₹2 in that round. For example, if they chose to bet ₹2, then the player winning the game got ₹2 from the one losing the game.

At the beginning of the tournament, the players had ₹10 each. The following table shows partial information about the amounts that the players had at the end of each of the eight rounds. It shows every time a player had ₹10 at the end of a round, as well as every time, at the end of a round, a player had either the minimum or the maximum amount that he would have had across the eight rounds. For example, Suresh had ₹10 at the end of Rounds 1, 3, and 8 and not after any of the other rounds. The maximum amount that he had at the end of any round was ₹13 (at the end of Round 5), and the minimum amount he had at the end of any round was ₹8 (at the end of Round 2). At the end of all other rounds, he must have had either ₹9, ₹11, or ₹12.

It was also known that Pulak and Qasim had the same amount of money with them at the end of Round 4.

01.

What BEST can be said about the amount of money that Ritesh had with him at the end of Round 8?

A.
Exactly ₹6
B.
₹4 or ₹5
C.
Exactly ₹5
D.
₹5 or ₹6

Option A is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

02.

What BEST can be said about the amount of money that Pulak had with him at the end of Round 6?

A.
Exactly ₹12
B.
₹11 or ₹12
C.
Exactly ₹11
D.
₹12 or ₹13

Option A is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

03.

How much money (in ₹) did Ritesh have at the end of Round 4?

Answer : 6

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

04.

How many games were played with a bet of ₹2?

Answer : 6

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

05.

Which of the following pairings was made in Round 5?

A.
Pulak and Ritesh
B.
Pulak and Qasim
C.
Pulak and Suresh
D.
Qasim and Suresh

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

06.

In 2000, what was the ratio of the number of dead males to dead females among those being tracked?

A.
109 : 107
B.
129 : 131
C.
71 : 69
D.
41 : 43

Option C is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

07.

How many people who were being tracked and who were between 30 and 40 years of age in 1980 survived until 2010?

A.
90
B.
190
C.
110
D.
310

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

36.

Read the following information carefully, analyze it, and answer the question based on it.

In the following, a year corresponds to 1^st of January of that year.

A study to determine the mortality rate for a disease began in 1980. The study chose 1000 males and 1000 females and followed them for forty years or until they died, whichever came first. The 1000 males chosen in 1980 consisted of 250 each of ages 10 to less than 20, 20 to less than 30, 30 to less than 40, and 40 to less than 50. The 1000 females chosen in 1980 also consisted of 250 each of ages 10 to less than 20, 20 to less than 30, 30 to less than 40, and 40 to less than 50.

The four figures below depict the age profile of those among the 2000 individuals who were still alive in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The blue bars in each figure represent the number of males in each age group at that point in time, while the pink bars represent the number of females in each age group at that point in time. The numbers next to the bars give the exact numbers being represented by the bars. For example, we know that 230 males among those tracked and who were alive in 1990 were aged between 20 and 30.

01.

How many individuals who were being tracked and who were less than 30 years of age in 1980 survived until 2020?

A.
470
B.
580
C.
240
D.
230

Option A is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The total number of male and female test cases in 1980 = 1000

The total number of males alive in 2000 = 180 + 205 + 160 + 100 = 645 Thus, the number of dead males in 2000 = 1000 - 645 = 355

Similarly, the total number of dead females in 2000 = 1000 - (210 + 175 + 150 + 120) = 1000 - 655 = 345

Thus, the required ratio = 355 : 345 = 71 : 69. Thus, the correct option is A.

02.

How many of the males who were being tracked and who were between 20 and 30 years of age in 1980 died in the period 2000 to 2010?

Answer : 40

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The total number of male and female test cases in 1980 = 1000

The total number of males between 20 and 30 years of age in 1980 who died in 2000 = 205 The total number of males between 20 and 30 years of age in 1980 who died in 2010 = 165

Thus, the total number of males between 20 and 30 years of age in 1980 who died in the period 2000 to 2010 = 205 - 165 = 40

Hence, 40

03.

How many of the females who were being tracked and who were between 20 and 30 years of age in 1980 died between the ages of 50 and 60?

Answer : 30

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

The total number of male and female test cases in 1980 = 1000

We are given that there are 250 females from age 20-30 in 1980 and in 2000 these females age are from 40-50 but only 175 are alive in 2000.

In 2000 there were 175 females from age 40-50. If we assume that out of these, 30 females were of age 48 years in 2000 and they died in 2005, then there are 30 females who died at the age of 53.

If we assume that out of the 175 females, 30 females were of age 42 years in 2000, and they died in 2005, then 30 females died at the age of 47. Now, if we assume that there are 15 females of age 42 and 15 females of age 48 in the year 2000, and they all died in 2005, then we have 15 females who died at the age of 47 and 15 females who died at the age of 53.

So we can see that there are many cases possible. We are given that there were 250 females aged 20-30 in 1980, and in 2010, these females ages are from 50-60, but only 145 are alive in 2010.

In 2010 there were 145 females from age 50-60. If we assume that out of these, 40 females were of age 58 years in 2010 and they died in 2015, then there are 40 females who died at the age of 63.

If we assume that out of the 145 females, 40 females are of age 52 years age in 2010, and they died in 2015, then 40 females died at the age of 57. Now, if we assume that there are 15 females of age 52 and 25 females of age 58 in the year 2010, and they all died in 2015, then we have 15 females who died at the age of 57 and 25 females who died at the age of 63.

So we can see that again, there are many cases possible. In the first case, the range of values possible is from 0 to 30. In the second case, the range of values possible is from 0 to 40. So in total, we get a range of possible values from 0 to 70.

Thus, only one possible value of this question is not possible.

Hence, 30

37.

Read the following information carefully, analyze it, and answer the question based on it.

There are only four neighbourhoods in a city - Levmisto, Tyhrmisto, Pesmisto and Kitmisto. During the onset of a pandemic, the number of new cases of a disease in each of these neighbourhoods was recorded over a period of five days. On each day, the number of new cases recorded in any of the neighbourhoods was either 0, 1, 2 or 3.

The following facts are also known:

1. There was at least one new case in every neighbourhood on Day 1.
2. On each of the five days, there were more new cases in Kitmisto than in Pesmisto.
3. The number of new cases in the city in a day kept increasing during the five-day period. The number of new cases on Day 3 was exactly one more than that on Day 2.
4. The maximum number of new cases in a day in Pesmisto was 2, and this happened only once during the five-day period.
5. Kitmisto is the only place to have 3 new cases on Day 2.
6. The total numbers of new cases in Levmisto, Tyhrmisto, Pesmisto and Kitmisto over the five-day period were 12, 12, 5 and 14 respectively.

01.

What BEST can be concluded about the total number of new cases in the city on Day 2?

A.
Either 6 or 7
B.
Exactly 8
C.
Exactly 7
D.
Either 7 or 8

Option B is the correct answer.

Video Explanation

Explanatory Answer

From statement 6, it can be concluded that the total number of new cases is equal to 12+12+5+14 = 43.

Also, since the total number of cases in Kitmisto is 14, it can be concluded that the number of cases each day is either 2 or 3, where 3 cases are recorded on 4 days and 2 cases are recorded on 1 day.

From statement 4, it can be concluded that the number of new cases for Pesmisto will be 0,1,1,1, and 2, in any order(Since the total number of cases is 5, and the maximum number of new cases is 2).

In statement 3, it is given that the number of new cases kept increasing during the 5-day period.

Now, as it is already known that the maximum number of cases for Pesmisto is 2, the maximum total number of cases in a day(or on day 5) will be less than 12.

Let us consider the maximum number of cases on Day 5 as 10.

Thus the maximum number of cases possible for the remaining days will be 9, 8, 7, and 6. So, the total number of maximum cases possible for this case will be 40(less than 43).

Thus, the number of cases on Day 5 will be 11(i.e., b/w 10 and 11)

Now, if the number of cases on Day 4 is 9, the maximum number of cases possible for the remaining days will be 8, 7, and 6. Thus, the maximum number of cases, in this case, will be 41(less than 43).

So, the number of cases on day 4 will be 10.

Now, if the number of cases on Day 3 is 8, the number of cases on day 2 will be 7, and the maximum possible number of cases on Day 1 will be 6.

Thus, the number of cases, in this case, will be 42(less than 43).

Thus, the number of cases on day 3 will be 9, the number of cases on day 2 will be 8, and the number of cases on day 1 will be 5.

Since all the neighbourhood has at least one case on Day 1, the only possible combination will be 1, 1, 1, and 2 for Levmisto, Tyhrmisto, Pesmisto and Kitmisto, respectively.

Now, for the other 4 days, the number of cases in Kitmisto will be 3.

For day 5, the number of cases will be 3, 3, 2, and 3 for Levmisto, Tyhrmisto, Pesmisto and Kitmisto, respectively(since the maximum number of cases in Pesmisto is 2).

And since Pesmisto only has the maximum number of cases on one day, the number of cases on day 4 will be 3, 3, 1, and 3 for Levmisto, Tyhrmisto, Pesmisto and Kitmisto, respectively.

On day 2, since Kitmisto is the only neighbourhood to have 3 cases, the number of cases on day 2 will be 2, 2, 1, and 3 for Levmisto, Tyhrmisto, Pesmisto and Kitmisto, respectively.

Now, on day 3, the number of cases will be 3, 3, 0, and 3 for Levmisto, Tyhrmisto, Pesmisto and Kitmisto, respectively. Thus, the final table will be as follows:

From the data, it can be concluded that the total number of cases on Day 2 is equal to 8. Thus, the correct option is D.

02.

What BEST can be concluded about the number of new cases in Levmisto on Day 3?

A.
Exactly 3
B.
Either 2 or 3
C.
Exactly 2
D.
Either 0 or 1