Option D is the correct answer.
The passage discusses the value of making peer-reviewed data public to help address various issues in
academic publishing, such as bias, inefficiency, and fraud. The author advocates for a shift"from opacity in all
cases to opacity only when necessary," implying support for greater transparency in peer review.
Option A: The passage mentions concerns about reviewer selection, such as gender and geographic
imbalances, but it does not suggest that careful screening of content-familiar reviewers is a priority.
Option B: The passage mentioned about maintaining confidentiality, but it does not strongly argue in favour of
preserving anonymity.
Option C: The author does not fully endorse the publication of actual reviews or reviewer identities in every
situation. While the author advocates for sharing peer review data, they also acknowledge that, in some cases,
the content of reviews and reviewers' identities may need to remain confidential.